Understanding Sleep and Sleep Disorders

Sleep is essential for overall health and well-being. It serves several crucial functions:

• Restoration: During sleep, the body repairs tissues, muscles, and the immune system.
• Memory Consolidation: Sleep helps consolidate and organize memories.
• Emotional Regulation: It contributes to emotional stability and stress reduction.
• Physical Health: Sleep supports heart health, metabolism, and hormonal balance.

How Much Sleep Do People Need?

Sleep needs vary by age. Young children need a lot of sleep to grow and develop mentally and physically. Infants from 0-3 months need between 14-17 hours of sleep each night, and babies and toddlers from 4 months to 2 years need between 11-14 hours! As we get older and the growing process slows, we need less sleep. The CDC has more sleep recommendations by age.

How Common Are Sleep Disorders?

Sleep disorders are relatively common; it is estimated that approximately 25 to 50% of children experience some form of sleep problem during their childhood or adolescence. Insomnia alone affects 10 to 33% of children and teenagers. Snoring frequently occurs in 10 to 15% of children with only 1 to 4% of children with snoring suffering from obstructive sleep apnea. Other common sleep disorders include nightmares, sleepwalking, and sleep terrors.

What Happens When You Are Sleep-deprived?

Sleep deprivation can lead to various health and safety issues, including:

• Cognitive Impairment: Reduced attention, memory, and decision-making abilities
• Mood Disturbances: Increased risk of anxiety and depression
• Physical Health Problems: Higher chances of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
• Accidents: Increased risk of accidents due to impaired alertness

Is Napping Helpful?

Napping is not recommended for most children after 5 years of age as it can interfere with nighttime sleep.

What Are the Best Treatments for Insomnia by Age Group?

Treatment for insomnia varies by age and can include modification of bedtime behaviors, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and medications. CBT is often recommended as a first-line treatment tailored to the individual's age and sleep patterns.

If your child or adolescent consistently experiences sleep problems that affect their daily life, consult their pediatrician.